無條件基本收入是歐洲需要的改革嗎? Is unconditional basic income the reform E

Unconditional Basic Income
回覆文章
漢化組亞伯
文章: 84
註冊時間: 2014-04-26, 17:02

無條件基本收入是歐洲需要的改革嗎? Is unconditional basic income the reform E

文章 漢化組亞伯 » 2014-04-29, 10:28

http://www.europeanceo.com/business-and ... ope-needs/

Europe’s inflexible labour markets are in need of a structural overhaul, which can perhaps be found in the shape of an unconditional basic income
歐洲無彈性的勞動市場需要結構性的徹底翻修,或許能在無條件基本收入的形式中找到答案。

Recent years have seen the masses crack down on instances of income inequality like never before as the drudge of unemployment and peripheral threat of poverty live on in a distinctly sluggish European economy. Although the powers that be partied hard on the news that the continent’s economy was on the mend last year, celebrations were soon cut short by the ever-so-slight problems of record high jobless rates and rising debts.
最近幾年人們已看到許多鎭壓大眾抗議的案例,皆起因於史無前例的收入不平等,因為失業的苦悶以及貧窮的相關威脅仍繼續在顯然停滯不前的歐洲經濟中持續下 去。儘管人們努力強調去年歐洲經濟正在好轉的新聞,但這些慶祝很快就被史上最高的失業率問題與不斷上升的債務潑了一把冷水。

Regardless of how you spin it, Europe’s prospects at present are pretty grim. Enter the case for unconditional basic income, a social security system that, if instated, would overturn the reigning regime and redistribute wealth in a radical new way.
不論你如何找藉口,歐洲目前的前景相當黯淡。若實施無條件基本收入這種社會保障系統,那麼將會推翻目前的主導方式並用一種激進的新方式重新分配財富。

Put simply, the policy would ensure that all citizens receive an unconditional sum of money equal to the “social minimum”, which in theory would protect them against falling through the poverty trap and free up workers to participate in whatever work they please.
簡單來說,此項政策會確保所有的公民得到一筆無條件的金錢收入,其總數等同於「社會上的最低生存標準」,理論上將能保護公民免於落入貧窮的陷阱,並解放勞工使其參與他們喜歡的任何工作。

“A basic income provides the means to meet ones basic needs but also a floor on which one can build with other sources of income,” says Zelleke, Secretary-Treasurer, of the Basic Income Earth Network (BIEN).
「無條件基本收入提供了滿足一個人基本需求的方式,但也提供了一個立足點,於其上一個人能建立其它的收入來源。」Zelleke,「無條件基本收入網Basic Income Earth Network (BIEN)」的財務主管這樣說。

The concept inspired 130,000 Swiss signatories to put the proposal to referendum last year and 285,041 EU residents to sign the European Initiative for Basic Income (ECI) petition, and although both efforts failed to bring the system into being, support continues to gather momentum.
這項觀念鼓舞了13萬名參與簽名連署的瑞士人,他們在去年提出公投的建議,而28萬5千41名歐盟的居民也簽署了「歐洲無條件基本收入倡議 European Initiative for Basic Income (ECI)」的連署。儘管兩者試圖使此系統於現實中成真的努力都失敗了,但目前仍繼續在匯集支持的動力。

The concept is especially pertinent for Europe, given that there exists a glut of university graduates whose skills are too often laid to waste in dead-end jobs and seemingly endless spats of unemployment.
這項觀念特別於歐洲切身相關,考慮到目前存在著過多的大學生與研究生,但這些人的技能卻通常浪費在無用的工作與似乎無盡的失業爭論上。

The subject was brought to light at this year’s World Economic Forum, as the Harvard Professor of Economics Kenneth Rogoff described the youth unemployment situation as “horrific” and others urged the continent’s governments to implement far-reaching structural reforms to remedy the situation.
這個主題在今年的世界經濟論壇中被帶到鎂光燈之下,如同哈佛大學的經濟學教授Kenneth Rogoff所描述的,年輕人的失業狀況是「恐怖的」,而其他人也摧促歐洲政府實施大膽的結構改變來改善這種狀況。

The introduction of an unconditional basic income would certainly amount to a structural transformation, and it could well be the overhaul that industry leaders, politicians and economists alike are calling for.
無條件基本收入的引進將確實等同於一種結構性的轉型,也很有可能是產業領袖、政客與經濟學家等等一直在呼籲的徹底翻修。

“In Europe in particular, it simplifies the system of income support that already exists, freeing recipients from justifying their need to the gatekeepers, particularly for benefits that require proof of active job seeking,” says Zelleke.
「特別是在歐洲,這簡化了已存在的收入支援系統,特別是那些需要『積極尋找工作』的證明才能取得的補助。無條件基本收入能解放受款者,免於為自己當警衛的必要性而辯護。」Zelleke如是說。

A common criticism of the system is that an austerity stricken Europe can ill afford to fund such a drastic change, however, numerous studies have proceeded to unpick the argument. The Citizens Income Trust claims the full integration of the tax and benefits system would make possible a payment to every UK citizen equivalent to that of the current tax threshold, whilst numerous others argue that proceeds from VAT could do the same.
對無條件基本收入此系統的一項常見批評是,受到緊縮政策襲擊的歐洲不能負擔如此劇烈改革所需的龐大資金。然而,實際上已進行大量的研究來反駁這項主張。 The Citizens Income Trust宣稱稅收與補助系統的全面整合,將有可能支付每位英國公民與目前繳稅門檻一樣的金額,而其他許多人也主張從增值稅而來的收益也能做到同樣的事。

“Everybody from the wealthiest to the poorest would benefit from reduced crime, reduced need for healthcare, better use of acquired skills and particularly, reduced social tensions caused by unemployment, income disparities and economic migration,” says Barb Jacobsen of the ECI.
「從最富有到最貧窮的每個人,將會受益於犯罪的減少、更不需要醫療照護、更能發揮個人所習得的技能,也特別受益於由於減少失業、收入差異與經濟流動所帶來的社會動盪與緊張。」ECI的Barb Jacobsen如是說。

Given that millions of the continent’s skilled workers remain unemployed, now is the time for leaders to address the structural failings of Europe’s labour markets and replace the convoluted mechanisms of social security with an unconditional basic income. In short, doing so would overturn Europe’s inflexible markets and put the region’s pool of skilled youths to far better use.
考慮到數百萬名有技能的歐洲工人仍處於失業狀態,現在是歐洲各國領導人處理歐洲勞動市場結構性失靈的問題,並用無條件基本收入取代迂迴的社會保障機制的時候了。簡言之,這樣做將會徹底翻轉歐洲無彈性的市場,並讓歐洲一大群有技能的年輕人擁有更能發揮其能力的空間。

回覆文章